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since its founding in the 1960s

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the space electronics division has

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established itself as a leader in space

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communications and other space

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electronics applications

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in the early 1970s its development of

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high efficiency transmitters for the

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communication technology satellite

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enabled global transmission of broadcast

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signals by creating access to the ku

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band a feat for which the division later

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received an emmy

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in the 1980s the division initiated work

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on acts the advanced communications

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technology satellite which will enable

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innovative communication services and

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improved spectral use by opening up the

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ka band

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today the division continues to perform

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award-winning research and development

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work in varied areas of space

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electronics from communication systems

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antenna and rf systems technology to

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electron beam solid state and digital

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technology

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staffed by nearly 100 professionals many

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of whom are recognized authorities in

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their fields the division performs its

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work in partnership with a distinguished

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space communications remains an

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important research area for the division

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the communications systems branch for

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instance performs advanced system and

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communication architecture studies which

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permit the formulation of network design

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requirements and traffic models

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and the identification of technologies

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critical to the deployment of advanced

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architectures

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division's electron beam technology

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branch a world leader in long life

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cathode and high efficiency traveling

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wave tube research

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is developing 32 gigahertz and 60

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gigahertz traveling wave tubes for use

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in deep space and enter satellite links

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respectively

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the comparative longevity of these

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devices coupled with their high

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efficiency extends satellite life while

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reducing redundancy requirements

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the division's solid state branch is

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well known for its testing and

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characterization of high temperature

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superconductors

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such as microwave and millimeter wave

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circuits for use in high frequency

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high speed circuit design and

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development from schematic capture to

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printed circuit board layout and

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fabrication is the forte of the digital

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signal technology branch

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an area of major concentration for the

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branch is space and ground-based

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communications switching technology

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specifically the development of

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modulation and coding on-board

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processing and digital ground terminals

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the branch's artificial intelligence lab

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is doing pioneering work in the

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development of expert systems that

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identify and provide solutions to

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problems in satellite power and

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communications systems

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expert systems are also being applied to

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operator training and documentation

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needs

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a principal area of expertise for the

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antenna and rf systems technology branch

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is the development of phased array

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antenna systems

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these systems provide significant beam

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control advantages over other antenna

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systems

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the branch's photonics research has led

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to the development of optically fed

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controlled and processed arrays which

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are much smaller and lighter than

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conventional arrays

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testing of such arrays is conducted in

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state-of-the-art near and far field

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antenna facilities

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the divisions rf activity includes

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designing monolithic microwave

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integrated circuits such as phase

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shifters amplifiers and oscillators the

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division is also developing more

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appropriate circuit packaging for such

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devices and has received a number of

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patents for its circuit test fixtures

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the divisions communications projects

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branch

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builds on and augments the

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communications related work of the

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division's other branches

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its noteworthy projects include a

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satellite communication test bed and a

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link evaluation terminal both of which

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have been applied to the axe satellite

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among the terminals capabilities are the

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demonstration of a high burst rate earth

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acts satellite link

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the test bed's uses include the

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evaluation of link transmission quality

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and the modeling of the axe satellites

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planned multi-channel

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to 20 gigahertz transponder

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as the 21st century approaches the space

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electronics division's unique research

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capabilities and highly qualified staff

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ensure that it will continue to be an

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innovative force in space electronics

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providing leadership and support for the